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Water - The Preserver of Life
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By
Firooza F. Karkaria
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Although it contains no nutrients, water is a vital component of our
diet. It is essential for the growth and maintenance of our bodies
as it is involved in a number of biological processes. But most of
us do not get enough.
Water is found throughout our bodies. It is the major component in
blood and urine and is found in gastrointestinal juices, perspiration,
and even the synovial fluids which surround our joints. Water also
helps in maintaining normal sodium levels in our blood.
Why do we need water?
- Water
is the most abundant substance on earth. It is also the most abundant
substance in our bodies and we cannot survive more than a few
days without it. Every function in our body requires water. A
human embryo is more than 80% water, where as a newborn baby about
74%, while an adult about 60-70% water.
The body can store water, but only on a very limited basis. For
our body to function optimally we need to replenish daily, any
water loss due to urination, passing stools, perspiration, and
respiration. Many people, though, do not consume enough and as
a result may become dehydrated, causing symptoms such as headaches,
tiredness and loss of concentration. Chronic dehydration can contribute
to a number of health problems, such as constipation and kidney
stones.
What happens
if you do not drink enough?
The following are a series of changes in a case of water restriction:
- Increase
in pulse rate and in rectal temperature.
- Increase
in respiration.
- Tingling
and numbness of fingers and feet.
- Increase
in concentration of blood.
- Diminution
of blood volume and more difficult circulation.
The difficulty
and inadequacy of the circulation of blood under these conditions
leads to:
- Difficult
breathing.
- Gastro-intestinal
upsets.
- Nausea
and appetite failure.
- And eventually
to difficulty in muscular movements and emotional instability.
In a study on
animals, where their water was restricted, the animals became highly
irritable and agitated.
How much do we need?
The body gets its water from three sources:
- From drinks,
either plain water or as part of other beverages.
- From solid
foods, especially fruits and vegetables.
- As a by-product
of chemical reactions within the body.
The British Dietetic
Association advises that the average adult should consume 2.5 litres
of water per day. Of this, 1.8 litres - the equivalent of seven to
eight glasses of water per day must be obtained directly from beverages.
This should be increased during periods of hot weather or during and
after periods of physical activity.
Water is the major ingredient of all drinks: carbonated drinks are
65 per cent water, squashes are 86 per cent water (after dilution)
and fruit juices are 90 per cent water. But drinking plain water
is still the most effective way of replacing lost fluids. How
to achieve your daily water intake :
- Start
with a glass of water when you wake up.
- If you
are at work, keep a bottle of fresh water on your desk within
easy reach.
- If you
are out and about during the day, carry a bottle of water so you
can have a drink whenever you want.]
- Increase
your intake of fresh fruit and vegetables; they have high water
content as well as many other health benefits.
Drink even if
you are not thirsty. Thirst is not a reliable way to know your body
needs water. You won't start feeling thirsty until you have already
lost about 2 percent of your body weight - enough to hurt performance.
Some tips for staying hydrated:
- Drink small
amounts of water frequently, rather than large amounts less often.
- Drink
cool beverages (cool not cold, therefore not straight from the
refrigerator) to cool your core body temperature and reduce sweating.
Pay attention
to the amount and color of your urine. You should excrete a large
volume that is nearly colourless. Small amounts or dark coloured urine
can indicate dehydration. The elderly and young children are at highest
risk for water deficit. Any individual who is experiencing prolonged
diarrhoea or perspiration is also at risk for water deficiency or
dehydration. People in hot climates which are extremely dry or humid,
can also experience depletion of their water reserves. If you experience
muscle cramping, nausea, headache or dizziness - these can all be
attributed to dehydration.
Water and Weight loss: Although
most of us take it for granted, water may be the only true "magic
potion" for permanent weight loss. Water may be the key to taking
weight off and keeping it off.
Proper water intake is the key to weight loss. If people who are trying
to lose weight do not drink enough water, the body cannot metabolize
the fat, they retain fluid, which keeps weight up, and the whole procedure
that you are trying to set up falls apart.
Water suppresses the appetite naturally and helps the body metabolise
stored fat. Studies have shown that a decrease in water intake will
cause fat deposits to increase, while an increase in water intake
can actually reduce fat deposits.
Here is the reason why - As mentioned above, the kidneys cannot function
properly without enough water. When they do not work to capacity,
some of their load is dumped onto the liver. One of the liver's primary
functions is to metabolise stored fat into usable energy for the body.
But, if the liver has to do some of the kidney's work, it can't do
its own job as effectively. As a result, it metabolises less fat;
so more fat remains stored in the body and weight loss stops.
Drinking enough water is the best treatment for fluid retention. When
the body gets less water, it perceives this as a threat to survival
and begins to hold on to every drop. Water is stored in spaces outside
the cells. This shows up as swollen feet, legs and hands. So, paradoxical
as it may seem, the way to eliminate fluid retention is to drink more
water, not less.
Water or Other Beverages? There
is a difference between pure water and other beverages that contain
water. Bio-chemically, water is water - obviously you can get some
liquid by consuming such beverages as fruit juice, soft drinks, beer,
coffee and tea. Unfortunately, while such drinks contain water, they
also may contain substances that may contradict some of the positive
effects of the added water. For example - beer contains water, but
it also contains alcohol which is a toxic substance. Fruit juices
contain a lot of sugar while tea and coffee are a diuretic, so you
excrete more liquid than you take in. Such drinks may tax the body
more than they cleanse it. Another problem with these beverages is
that you lose your taste for water.
To sum up-Water is the most important element on earth without which
survival of any species is impossible. Remember to have water at regular
intervals throughout the day and it is always preferable to consume
water to replace lost fluids instead of other beverages.
About the Author Firooza
F. Karkaria is a first class graduate from Bombay University in
Foods & Nutrition and has done her Post Graduation in Nutrition
& Dietetics. She has also attained the status of a Registered Dietician
(R.D.) awarded by the Indian Dietetics Association (I.D.A.). She has
a varied experience of having worked in hospitals & gymnasiums as
a dietician. Presently she is working for Gold's Gym which runs an
international chain of gymnasiums.
She has helped scores of people achieve their goals in losing as well
as gaining weight as per their individual requirements & prescribes
diets for people suffering from various ailments. She can be contacted
on 9820654200 for personalised guidance. |

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